On the role of conformal three-geometries in the dynamics of General Relativity

It is shown that the Chern–Simons functional, built in the spinor representation from the initial data on spacelike hypersurfaces, is invariant with respect to infinitesimal conformal rescalings if and only if the vacuum Einstein equations are satisfied. As a consequence, we show that in the phase space the Hamiltonian constraint of vacuum general relativity is the Poisson bracket of the imaginary part of this Chern–Simons functional and Misner’s time (essentially the 3-volume). Hence the vacuum Hamiltonian constraint is the condition on the canonical variables that the imaginary part of the Chern–Simons functional be constant along the volume flow. The vacuum momentum constraint can also be reformulated in a similar way as a (more complicated) condition on the change of the imaginary part of the Chern–Simons functional along the flow of York’s time.